This could also happen if e.g. the feed data wasn’t processed yet, depending on the specs of the used system / VM this might take up to one hour or more.
thank you cfi for the fast answer, I saw that there have been already some proposals so solve the issue. I already tried them and my last choice was to run sudo -u _gvm gvmd --rebuild-gvmd-data=all
With that command I got the output Failed to rebuild gvmd data: Feed owner not set or invalid while rebuilding configs.
This was the reason why I asked the question if anyone maybe had an alternate proposal.